Solaris Network configuration

Setting up Solaris networking often becomes challenging for the new sysadmins and new owners of Sun systems . This document details the steps involved in setting up of Solaris networking and can be used as a check list if you are already familiar with Solaris network configuration .

Table of contents :

1. Enable the network card
2. Configuring ipaddress and netmask and making the interface status as up .
3. Configuring Virtual interface :
4. Ip-forwording :
5. Router Configuration
6. Network Terms
7. Next Steps

Ifconfig command is used in Solaris to configure the network interfaces . The following lines describes the activities needed to configure a freshly installed network card from the root prompt .

1. Enable the network card

#ifconfig hme0 plumb

ifconfig -a command should show following type of output which means device is enabled and is ready to configure ip address and netmask :
hme0: flags=842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 0.0.0.0 netmask 0
ether 3:22:11:6d:2e:1f

2. Configuring ipaddress and netmask and making the interface status as up .

#ifconfig hme0 192.9.2.106 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
#ifconfig -a will now show the ip address , netmask and up status as follows :

hme0: flags=843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.9.2.106 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.9.2.255
ether 3:22:11:6d:2e:1f

The file /etc/netmasks is used to define netmasks for ip addresses .

127.0.0.1, is the standard loop back route and 127.0.0.0 is the default loopback ipaddress used by the kernel when no interface is configured this will be the only entry dispalyed by the system on invoking ifconfig -a command..

3. Configuring Virtual interface :

Vitual interface can be configured to enable hme0 reply to more then one ip addresses. This is possible by using hme0 alias which can be configured by ifconfig command only . The new alias device name now becomes hme0:1 hme:2 etc.

#ifconfig hme0:1 172.40.30.4 netmask 255.255.0.0 up
ifconfig -a will show the original hme0 and alias interface :

hme0: flags=843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.9.2.106 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.9.2.255
ether 3:22:11:6d:2e:1f
hme0:1: flags=842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.40.30.4 netmask ffff0000 broadcast 172.40.255.255

4. Ip-forwording :

IP forwarding allows you to forward all requests coming for a certain port or URL to be redirected to a specified IP address.
ip forwording becomes enabled automatically when system detects more then one interface at the booting time . The file involed is /etc/rc2.d/S69inet .

ipforwording is on by default but can be turned off by following command :

#ndd -set /dev/ip ip_forwarding 0

5. Router Configuration

After interfaces and ipaddess have been configured the system needs a default router which will allow the machine to talk to world outside of local network .

You can specify a particular route for a particular address as in following example

#route add -net 10.0.0.0 -netmask 255.0.0.0 172.40.30.1 1

if the the destination ipaddess is not defined in this manner system forwards all requests to the default router .

default route is defined manually by editing /etc/defaultrouter file and putting router’s ipaddress entry in it. This file is read by /etc/rc2.d/S69inet file during the booting process and entry added to the routing table .

The route can be defined online also using routeadd command but the changes will be lost on reboot .To make changes permanent make sure to put an entry in /etc/defaultrouter.

#route add default 205.100.155.2 1

#route change default 205.100.155.2 1

The 1 at the end is the number of hops to the next gateway.

If an interface is not responding to the network, check to be sure it has the correct IP address and netmask , network cables are fine .

6. Network Terms

CIDR :

CIDR : Classless Inter-Domain Routing – the notation often used instead of writing the subnet mask along with ip-address . It has network prefix at the end of a address as / number of network bits.This means that the IP address 192.200.20.10 with the subnet mask 255.255.255.0 can also be expressed as 192.200.20.10/24. The /24 indicates the network prefix length, which is equal to the number of continuous binary one-bits in the subnet mask (11111111.11111111.11111111.000000). Zeros are for addressing the hosts on this network.

VLSM :

network can be variably subnetted into smaller networks, each smaller network having a different subnet mask .This functionality is avaiable in Solaris 2.6 above. the ipaddresses

7. Next Steps :

Reference books on Networking at Amazon.com

This article tried to cover the solaris network configuration . Network configuration is a part of broader area of network managment .If you wish to gain more knowledge about the networking concepts there are some good books available for online buying from Amazon.com in the display panel below.

Two suggested books to understand the networking concepts are :

1. TCP/IP Network Administration (3rd Edition; O’Reilly Networking)

2. Internetworking with TCP/IP Vol.1: Principles, Protocols, and Architecture (4th Edition)

Step Install Oracle 10g R2 on Solaris 10 x86

Checking Requirement:

—————————-

#/usr/sbin/prtconf | grep “Memory size” [Check RAM size]
# /usr/sbin/swap -s [check swap]
# df -k /tmp [check /tmp size (>400mb)]
# uname -r [check solaris version]

# pkginfo -i SUNWarc SUNWbtool SUNWhea SUNWlibm SUNWlibms SUNWsprot SUNWsprox SUNWtoo SUNWi1of SUNWi1cs SUNWi15cs SUNWxwfnt

# cat /etc/nsswitch.conf | grep hosts
# hostname
# domainname

RUN INSTALL:
—————-
A. create group name “dba”, oracle inventory group “oinstall” and “oracle” user

# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba

{Determine oracle user exist or not
# id -a oracle
{if exist, should be look like this=
uid=440(oracle) gid=200(oinstall) groups=201(dba),202(oper)

{create oracle user=
# useradd -d /export/home/oracle -g dba -G oinstall -m -s /bin/ksh oracle

#mkdir /export/home/oracle
#chown oracle:dba /export/home/oracle

{set password=
# passwd -r files oracle

{to determine nobody user=
# id nobody
# /usr/sbin/useradd nobody >>run if does not exist

B. EDIT FILE /export/home/oracle/.profile
————————————–
umask 022
TMP=/tmp
TMPDIR=$TMP
DISPLAY=localhost:0.0
export TMP TMPDIR DISPLAY
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle [replace with ur Oracle base Directory]
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 [replace with ur Oracle home Directory]

ORACLE_SID=jktdb [replace with your database]
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH

C. Configure Kernel Parameter
—————————–
Note: Do not follow the official installation instruction, they contain misleading and out errors of fact!

#projadd oracle [This command will create a new 'resource project']
edit the /etc/user_attr file:
adm::::profiles=Log Management
lp::::profiles=Printer Management
root::::auths=solaris.*,solaris.grant;profiles=Web Console Management,All;lock_after_retries=no

oracle::::project=oracle [add this line]

then:

#su – oracle
$ id -p
$ prctl -n project.max-shm-memory -i project oracle

The display look like this:
project: 100: oracle
NAME PRIVILEGE VALUE FLAG ACTION RECIPIENT
project.max-shm-memory
privileged 126MB – deny -
system 16.0EB max deny -

leaving the oracle user still connected in the original one Then, as root in the new terminal, you can issue this command:

#prctl -n project.max-shm-memory -v 4gb -r -i project oracle [create max memory to 4GB]

As soon as you’ve issued that command, switch back to the oracle user’s session and re-issue the earlier command:

$ prctl -n project.max-shm-memory -i project oracle

Note:
#prctl -n project.max-shm-memory -v 4gb -r -i project oracle [this setting will lost after reboot]
to set permanently, run this: #projmod -s -K “project.max-shm-memory=(priv,4gb,deny)” oracle

D. Performing the Oracle Installation
————————————-
#su – oracle
$xhost +
$export DISPLAY=myserver;0.0
$ xhost +mydatabaseserver
$ cd /export/home/database/ [the source unzipped here]

./runInstaller

FOR SOLARIS SPARC:
====================
$ gunzip ship_rel10_sol64_db.cpio.gz
$ cpio -idm < ship_rel10_sol64_db.cpio

$./runInstaller

If you found unsufficient SWAP disk space on your disk, create folder under / then run this command:
—————————————————
$ TMP=/directory
$ TMPDIR=/directory
$ export TMP TMPDIR

Follow the screen>>NEXT>>NEXT

last, run this as root user:
—————————-
/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh

Create db:
———-
orc1
jktdb

E. 6.0 On-going Administration
——————————–
Finally, it’s time to get the web-based Enterprise Manager database administration tool up and running.
Since we’re using 10g Release 2, you should be able to launch a browser (Launch -> Web Browser) and simply navigate to : http://localhost:1158/em

If you do not know the correct port number to use, look for the following line in the $ORACLE_HOME/install/portlist.ini file.

in order to be able to log on as SYS with a password of whatever you supplied to the first screen of the Oracle installation wizard. In fact, getting a meaningful result at this point relies on three things having been performed successfully:

1. starting a listener (lsnrctl start)
2. opening the database (sqlplus / as sysdba then startup)
3. starting the Enterprise Manager agent (emctl start dbconsole)

F. Automating Database Startup
———————————————–
edit file “/var/opt/oracle/oratab” script to find lines with ‘Y’ at their ends
Create file “/etc/init.d/dbora”
——-
#!/bin/sh
ORA_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
ORA_OWNER=oracle

if [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart ]
then
echo “Oracle startup: cannot start”
exit
fi

case “$1″ in
’start’)
su – $ORA_OWNER -c “$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart”
;;
’stop’)
su – $ORA_OWNER -c “$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut”
;;
esac

———
#chmod 777 /etc/init.d/dbora
#/etc/init.d/dbora stop

To integrate dbora file to standart Solaris startup and shutdown process:
————————————————————————
#ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc0.d/K01dbora
#ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc2.d/S99dbora

IF u found error this:
———————–
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-stop Oracle Net Listener

edit file “dbstart” & “dbshut”, find line $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1

and change to = $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

RECOMMENDED DIRECTORY STRUCTURE:
———————————————-

[Oracle Base Directory:]
/u01/app/oracle
/u01/app/orauser
/opt/oracle/app/oracle

[Oracle Inventory Directory:]
ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory

[Oracle Home Directory:]

ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1

[Identify an existing oracle base directory:]
#more /var/opt/oracle/oraInst.loc
[the output should be:]

inventory_loc=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall

# more /var/opt/oracle/oratab

*:/u03/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:N

*:/opt/orauser/infra_904:N

*:/oracle/9.2.0:N

COMMON INSTALLATION ERROR:
===========================
Unable to convert from “UTF-8″ to “646″ for NLS!
Solution: Install SUNWuiu8 package.

error adduser:
———————
UX: useradd: ERROR: Inconsistent password files. See pwconv(1M)

This is because the /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files are out of synchronization on your machine. [CSCdi74894]
To fix this, run the pwconv command, and then rerun cwconfigure.

try to run:

wc -l /etc/passwd /etc/shadow

————–
ERROR Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors >>> Could not execute auto check for
display colors using command /usr/openwin/bin/xdpyinfo. Check if the DISPLAY variable is set. Failed <<<<
Some requirement checks failed. You must fulfill these requirements before continuing with theinstallation, at which time they will be rechecked.

Solution(s):
1. Install SUNWxwplt package
2. Set DISPLAY variable
3. Execute xhost + on target (set in DISPLAY) computer

———————————————————-
Exception in thread “main” java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError:
… libmawt.so: ld.so.1: java: fatal: libXm.so.4: open failed: No such file or directory

Solution: Install the SUNWmfrun package.

—————————————————————————————————-
Can’t load ‘/usr/perl5/5.8.4/lib/i86pc-solaris-64int/auto/Sun/Solaris/Project/Project.so’ for module
Sun::Solaris::Project: ld.so.1: perl: fatal: libpool.so.1: open failed: No such file or directory at
/usr/perl5/5.8.4/lib/i86pc-solaris-64int/DynaLoader.pm line 230. at /usr/sbin/projadd line 19 Compilation
failed in require at /usr/sbin/projadd line 19. BEGIN failed–compilation aborted at /usr/sbin/projadd line 19.

Solution: Install the SUNWpool SUNWpoolr packages.

———————————————————————–
bash-3.00$ /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/./emctl start dbconsole
Exception in getting local host
java.net.UnknownHostException: -a: -a
at java.net.InetAddress.getLocalHost(InetAddress.java:1191)
at oracle.sysman.emSDK.conf.TargetInstaller.getLocalHost(TargetInstaller.java:4977)
at oracle.sysman.emSDK.conf.TargetInstaller.main(TargetInstaller.java:375
Exception in getting local host

Solution : check server hostname and /etc/hosts
————————————————————————-

UNINSTALL ORACLE 10G:
———————
1. remove all database, by running $dbca
2. stop any oracle process running:
Database Control : $ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole
Oracle Net listener : $ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop
iSQL*Plus : $ORACLE_HOME/bin/isqlplusctl stop
Ultra Search : $ORACLE_HOME/bin/searchctl stop

3. Start Oracle Universal installer:

$ORACLE_HOME/oui/bin/runInstaller

4. In the Welcome window, click Deinstall Products.
5. In the Inventory screen, select the Oracle home and the products that you want to remove,
then click Remove.